Through the prisms of the international media of the Western World, Africa was only and continuously analyzed and assessed in terms of space of rivalry between the East and the West and the Far East and the Far West.
Africa was then approached as the hidden space where duels took place behind the curtain of political ideologies and economic models of development. To further expose the potential distortion of the democratic model taking place through elections, the major metropolitical analysts and metropolitan mediatic news outlets focused on denunciation of the infiltration of Russian militias and interests in Central African and Sahel countries where French colonialism had never cut its ties with its past presence in these countries.
Russia’s presence in these regions was then presented as the bridge to authoritarian-bureaucratic-military regimes through the removal of elected civilian presidents and governments. In this perspective, Russia was not presented as a contributor to the development of the security of Libya, the Central African countries, or even Somalia. More recently, the Wagner Group’s change of name was decried by the same reporters as the new link to the past presence of Afrika Korps created by Hitler to sustain the Italian campaign in North Africa with its head under the command of Rommel. The second aspect of such a campaign of denunciation of the Russians in Africa is the explanation advanced that they are extending their control of the gold and diamond mining operations. Like if all the European countries that have ruled African territories came to Africa just to offer flowers to its local and regional populations.
Besides Turkey not considered a big threat to Western interests in Africa, China on the other side is presented as the “financial trap of Africa” and accused of luring African countries into “debt default cascades” to control their mining and natural resources while building an infrastructure that favored the logistics for the exports of much-needed resources for China economy. The other parallel decried presence of China in Africa is the Road and Belt Initiative which is also defined as the “Chinese Version of the Trojan Horse” strategy.
Now Africa is placed between the Militaristic Russian Endoctrinment and the financial trade Smooth positioning of China within the most critically sought-after natural resources by the Western economies that span from oil to cobalt.
Within this tumult of accusations and denunciations, Africa remains hostage to its past and encroachment on Liberal doctrines of development that were encouraged by international financiers as the keys to opening the Gate of Free Trade and Free Enterprise. The external debt with conditionalities was presented as also the password to open the Pandora Box where these keys were stored.
Morocco is developing an Energy Policy that seek to source the power from different productions, places and suppliers. This approach is not only conducted for the sole purpose of diversification but for others reasons that focus first on availability, direct access, cost effectiveness and good relation with supplier, the partner and the investor.
Morocco has been affected by the sudden coat-turning made by the Algerian authorities which unilaterally turn-off the supply of gas that cross Morocco to reach Spain and Southern Europe. Other international event such the disruptive impact of Covid-19 on the supply chain and the sanctions imposed on Russia by Western countries has contributed directly in the deterioration of the external accounts of Morocco. The direct combined results was higher costs and inflationary surge that concurred in increasing the challenges and the difficulties faced by the Moroccan economy and those similar around the world.
The countries that suffer the most are the ones that have only one shopping basket and are dependent on the international market as the supplier-seller and the client-buyer of food, machinery, technology and energy. Other countries like Morocco that rely also on tourism, services and direct and indirect investments were the first to feel structurally the aftershocks. Morocco is vulnerable to sudden changes in the external marketplaces through the multiple free-trade agreements he signed with many nations. Morocco identified in these free trade bilateral accords the external outlets and demands the magnets to embellish his image toward foreign investors in the car industry and other manufactured advanced goods. The expectations were the creation of jobs, the emergence of highly qualified workforce and the transformation of the industrial environment and the logistic infrastructure enhancing the attractiveness of the Moroccan economy and adding to its exports the higher value products in addition to more targeted primary and intermediary goods.
This objective was disturbed by cascade of external events uncontrollable by the Morocco. The rivalry between the West and the East, including the one between the United States and China have also complicated the flow of international goods and supply chain imposing a reduction of the flow of commodities and products within
the international trade and demand from China‘s growing economy for global demand and its growing influence on other developing economies through trade, investment, and ideas. Many developing countries are relying on external demand to stimulate their growth and China is becoming one of the important supplier not for them only but for the growth of the entire world economy.
The combination of all these factors have oriented for many countries around the world, including the European countries to search for alternative source of energy even putting back the nuclear produced energy that was for decades sided for environmental reasons. The sourcing of natural gas is now considered to be supplied by Nigeria to the European Union via submarine gazoduc while Morocco is building maritime cables to supply the United Kingdom with clean solar produced electricity. Recently, Morocco have also signed with Nexans
Selected Publications on Power and Energy by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui
Power Africa is a U.S. Government-led partnership that harnesses the collective resources of over 200 public and private sector partners to double access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa.
#DYK Hydropower contributes to combating climate change because it avoids using fossil fuels and generates electricity without emitting greenhouse gas? 💧🌍
In celebration of our 10th anniversary, we’re sharing with you how Malawi’s 361 MW Mpatamanga Hydropower Project will be built to conserve wildlife and mitigate flooding impacts during cyclones 🌊 🐘🦁
The Power Africa-supported project will include a regulating dam to protect the downstream Majete Wildlife Reserve and the Elephant Marsh from flooding when the project generates peaking power.
Because of the inclusion of the regulating dam, the main dam can be operated as a peaker. It will almost double Malawi’s installed renewable energy capacity and allow for the future integration of additional intermittent renewables like solar and wind ⚡
We’re proud to have provided transaction advisory to the Government of Malawi since 2018 to move the Mpatamanga project forward in an environmentally sustainable way.
…see more
TRI CONSULTING KYOTO – TRI CK USA 518 followers 6mo • Morocco – Nigeria / Nigeria – Morocco North of Sahara Africa – South of Sahara Africa Africa Needs to Build its Own Energy Road within its the borders of the needs of its own needs and the needs of each region and country in Africa: North Africa to South of Africa and South of Africa to North Africa
Morocco-Nigeria power Proposition by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui as a transfer, storage and transmission of solar powered generation to be developed to Supply all the Maritime Ports of Northwest African Countries
Barter Moroccan Electricity for Nigerian Gas and Oil and Africa will be Regionally Synergistically Integrated Beyond the Sand Waves of Sahara Ocean
🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍
Proposition d’électricité Maroc-Nigéria par Said El Mansour Cherkaoui en tant que transfert, stockage et transmission de la production d’énergie solaire à développer pour approvisionner tous les ports maritimes des pays d’Afrique du Nord-Ouest
Échangez de l’électricité marocaine contre du gaz et du pétrole nigérians et l’Afrique sera intégrée de manière synergique au niveau régional au-delà des vagues de sable de l’océan du Sahara
#électricité #maroc #électricité #solaire #afrique #pétrole #nigeria #gaz #maritime #côte #villes #afrique du nord #afrique de l’ouest
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D.View Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D.’s profile • YouSenior Business Strategist and Policy Adviser ★ News Executive Editor ★ Public Speaker ★ Talks about #madeinmorocco, #morocco, #usa, #africa, #worldeconomy, #investment, #trade, #business, #economics, #technology …1mo • Power to the Moroccan People, Power to the People Right Now! Said El Mansour Cherkaoui November 6, 2023
This article presents the project of extension of the electrical power in the central parts and regions of Morocco through a connection between Casablanca and Dakhla.
In addition to this presentation, I have also added a selection of the articles I have written on the Energy supply in Morocco and Ghana as well as the connection projects for the supply of renewable energy by the Kingdom of Morocco to the UK and of the natural gas from Nigeria to Europe.
The present article concerns the extension and the increase of the electrical coverage of Morocco which I have titled:
Power to the Moroccan People, Power to the People Right Now!
Sharing and Access to the Electricity is a Democratic Sharing of the Power in a Lightning Move and Action. By Said El Mansour Cherkaoui
إن تقاسم الكهرباء والحصول عليها هو تقاسم ديمقراطي للسلطة بحركة خاطفة. بقلم سعيد المنصور الشرقاوي
Just for your Perusal Thought and to Evaluate Accordingly and Adequately if not Approximately Correctly, here we present to you what the Ministry of Energy Transition and Sustainable Development – Kingdom of Morocco is planning to ” Transfer of Power ” – I mean the capacity of energy between Dakhla and Casablanca for a distance of 1400 Kilometres of high-voltage direct current or high-voltage alternating current power lines with transferring capacity in two phases: 1.5 gigawatts in 2026 and a further 1.5 gigawatts in 2028. To facilitate the comprehension of its at stake here with all these gigawatts, not gigabits, you can evaluate the objectives and the capacity concerned and aimed by the building of this infrastructure de connexion electric by comparing to the content and the explications given by the article cited here below which present illustratively and comparatively what a gigawatts can be and is in the reality surrounding us as products of consumption such as the following extracts I made here:
Need a stronger visual? Here are six examples equal to 1 GW of power: Read more in this article.
🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 New Silky Road and Milky Way Within Africa 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍
Africa Needs to Build its Own Energy Road as the New Silky Road and Milky Way within and through its own territorial spaces including the borders of the needs of its own needs and the needs of each region in every country in Africa.
Morocco-Nigeria power Proposition by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui as a transfer, storage and transmission of solar powered generation to be developed to Supply all the Maritime Ports of Northwest African Countries.
Barter Moroccan Electricity for Nigerian Gas and Oil and Africa will be Regionally Synergistically Integrated Beyond the Sand Waves of Sahara Ocean.
North Africa to South of Africa and South of Africa to North Africa:
The Sahara is the New Frontier for Africa to Build New Chains of Value and New Supply Chains of New Intelligent Forms of Growth and Productive Expansion Responding to and for its Own People, the New Coming and Rising Young Generations.
🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍🌍🌍🌍AFRIQUE🌍🌍🌍🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍 🌍
🌍🌍🌍🌍🌍 Nouvelle Route de la Soie et Voie Lactée en Afrique 🌍🌍🌍🌍🌍
L’Afrique doit construire sa propre route de l’énergie en tant que nouvelle route de la soie et voie lactée dans et à travers ses propres espaces territoriaux, y compris les frontières des besoins de ses propres besoins et les besoins de chaque région dans chaque pays d’Afrique.
Proposition d’électricité Maroc-Nigéria par Said El Mansour Cherkaoui en tant que transfert, stockage et transmission de la production d’énergie solaire à développer pour approvisionner tous les ports maritimes des pays d’Afrique du Nord-Ouest.
Échangez de l’électricité marocaine contre du gaz et du pétrole nigérians et l’Afrique sera intégrée de manière synergique au niveau régional au-delà des vagues de sable de l’océan du Sahara.
Afrique du Nord vers Afrique du Sud et Afrique du Sud vers Afrique du Nord :
Le Sahara est la nouvelle frontière pour l’Afrique pour construire de nouvelles chaînes de valeur et de nouvelles chaînes d’approvisionnement de nouvelles formes intelligentes de croissance et d’expansion productive répondant à et pour son propre peuple, les nouvelles générations montantes et émergentes.
#électricité #maroc #électricité #solaire #afrique #pétrole #nigeria #gaz #maritime #côte #villes #afrique du nord #afrique de l’ouest
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D.View Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D.’s profile • YouSenior Business Strategist and Policy Adviser ★ News Executive Editor ★ Public Speaker ★ Talks about #madeinmorocco, #morocco, #usa, #africa, #worldeconomy, #investment, #trade, #business, #economics, #technology …2mo • 🌍Invest in Africa Power, Renewable Energies, Gaz and Solar Electricity
Power Africa: Oil, Gaz and Solar Electricity Said El Mansour Cherkaoui June 24, 2023 https://lnkd.in/gMw4VByF
Power and Energy in Ghana by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Africa Destiny: Power and Energy Challenges in Ghana by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui September 30, 2023 – https://lnkd.in/g86H3kNY
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Articles on USA – Morocco Relations August 5, 2022 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui https://lnkd.in/dXz2PxmP
Investir au Sénégal : secteurs porteurs et opportunités Challenge Maroc – October 2, 2023 https://lnkd.in/gGn4z5yA
Risk Analysis in Senegal By Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Sénégal Scénario Typique: Garde a Vue du Concurrent Présidentiel by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – December 3, 2021 – https://lnkd.in/gAhtctqX
🌍English Version and / et Version Francaise:
MOROCCO EARTHQUAKE DONATION
AFRICA DESTINY: SUPPORT MOROCCO – SOLIDARITY EARTHQUAKE Posted by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Said Cherkaoui – September 9, 2023 Donations for Solidarity with the Moroccan People Struck in their Peace of Existence by a … Continue reading AFRICA DESTINY: MOROCCO EARTHQUAKE DONATION https://lnkd.in/gK_VitBJ
DESTIN AFRICAIN: DONATION – SOUTENEZ LE MAROC SOLIDAIRE – TREMBLEMENT DE TERRE Publié on September 9, 2023 by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui https://lnkd.in/gfa3KF9B
My pages (4)
🌍 AFRICANA🌍 ENTERPRISE🌍 🌐Morocco🌍Tech🌐 Tate Yoko Research Institute – TRI Tate Yoko Research Institute – TRI
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D.View Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D.’s profile • YouSenior Business Strategist and Policy Adviser ★ News Executive Editor ★ Public Speaker ★ Talks about #madeinmorocco, #morocco, #usa, #africa, #worldeconomy, #investment, #trade, #business, #economics, #technology …7mo • Nigeria – Morocco Natural Gas: Africa to the Rescue of the European Union through a Regional Consolidation of Economic Links Within Africa?
Collection of Research Papers, Analyses and Case-Studies Published by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui on Electricity and Gaz Energies
War in Ukraine and sanctions imposed by the United States and the EC have led to renewed interest in supplying European countries with alternative energy such as the Nigeria – Europe Gas Pipeline.
This “opportunistic” revival is currently kept in turmoil by the continuing stalemate in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict following the unconditional support granted by the Western powers to Ukraine and by the consequent deterioration of the terms of trade of products energy.
The natural gas imported into the European Union comes mainly from Russia (40%), Norway (24%) and Algeria (11%) and more than a quarter of European oil is supplied by Russia.
Gas from Nigeria can reduce the bill and the burden for European Union countries and at the same time reduce their direct dependence on Russian gas. This is all the more detrimental since the European Union satisfies around 10% of its demand for natural gas on the internal market, and all the rest is imported, which makes it the largest importer of natural gas in the world, according to the General Council Department of Energy.
The European Union badly needs Russia’s energy supply and above all natural gas, so much so that it has been forced to circumvent its own high sanctions against Russia for the import of these products.
The European Union has paid Russia more than 20 billion euros for gas imports alone since the start of the war in Ukraine, weakening the impact of the sanctions it imposed on Russia. A third of the European Union’s gas supply comes from Russia.
In such a paradoxical and conflicting environment, the option of gas from Nigeria via Morocco remains and is a “Golden Opportunity” both for the European Union and for the African countries which will be both connected to the pipelines supplying them with gas on the way, which can only strengthen inter-African economic ties for a stronger regional integration of Africa.
This Nigeria-Morocco gas pipeline project aims to become a catalyst for economic development in the North West African region since 14 African countries would be the receiver, the continuator and the connector between them to establish a connection at the end with Europe. These member countries of the Economic Community of West African States – ECOWAS are Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Gambia, Senegal, Mauritania and Morocco.
Morocco Africa Europe: Power, Electricity and Gaz Energies by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui
Electricity Made in Morocco and Relation of Africa with Europe Via Morocco for the Gas Distribution
By Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Jun 7, 2023
The sun in Morocco also shines about 3,500 hours a year. By contrast, Britain averages only 1,500 hours of sunshine per year. And because the sun burns more intensely in North Africa, the solar panels each produce about three times as much electricity there as in the UK, even in winter when British need electricity the most for heating and the light.
SOS Energie au Maroc: Système Organisationnel Sans Progrès Productif ou Opérationnel; le dossier énergie au Maroc est actuellement un des plus brûlants sujet de préoccupation et de consternation tant pour le peuple marocain que pour les dirigeants des entreprises pris entre les tenailles de l’inflation galopante affectant tous les secteurs économiques du Maroc.
🌎 Actuellement, la guerre en Ukraine et les sanctions sur la Russie ont insufflé un plus grand intérêt pour l’approvisionnement des pays Européens par des sources énergétiques alternatives tel que le gazoduc Nigeria – Europe
L’#unioneuropéenne a terriblement besoin de l’approvisionnement énergétique de la Russie et en premier du gaz naturel a tel point qu’elle fut obligée de contourner ses propres sanctions élevées contre la Russie pour l’importation de ces produits
L’#unioneuropéenne absorba l’essentiel des 63 milliards d’euros d’exportations russes de combustibles fossiles pendant la guerre en Ukraine, affaiblissant l’impact des sanctions qu’elle a imposé à la Russie. Un tiers de l’approvisionnement de l’UE en gaz provient de la Russie
Comment donc l’#unioneuropéenne et les Etats Unis d’Amérique vont pouvoir accommoder leurs propres économies régionales et nationales et l’Économie Mondiale?
Comment l’#unioneuropéenne va-t-elle négocier une sortie honorable doublée d’une construction de moyens et de solutions favorisant son indépendance de l’énergie Russe?
La question que l’on peut se demander dans ce contexte de conflit est comment la #commissioneuropéenne va-t-elle s’y prendre afin de sauvegarder ses assises d’indépendance et quel sera le prix à payer afin de dissocier l’intérêt du profit des grandes conglomerates tout en gardant intact l’intérêt de l’Union Européenne?
🌍 Le projet du Gazoduc Nigeria – Europe peut paradoxalement prendre avantage de ce retournement géo-stratégique internationale
Nigeria/Maroc : Worley fournira des services FEED pour un gazoduc en Afrique de l’Ouest – 26 avril 2022
Le Maroc, le Fonds de l’OPEP pour le développement international et la Banque Islamique de développement ont procédé à la signature de la documentation juridique pour financer une partie de la deuxième phase des études d’avant-projet attribuée a la compagnie australienne Worley :
Je m’adresse à mes lecteurs de l’article présent et de mes publications divers sur 🌍 l’Afrique et le reste du Monde 🌎 exprimant toute une grande gratitude pour leur continuel support.
🌎 Actuellement, la guerre en Ukraine et les sanctions sur la Russie ont insufflé un plus grand intérêt pour l’approvisionnement des pays Européens par des sources énergétiques alternatives tel que le gazoduc Nigeria – Europe
L’#unioneuropéenne a terriblement besoin de l’approvisionnement énergétique de la Russie et en premier du gaz naturel a tel point qu’elle fut obligée de contourner ses propres sanctions élevées contre la Russie pour l’importation de ces produits
L’#unioneuropéenne absorba l’essentiel des 63 milliards d’euros d’exportations russes de combustibles fossiles pendant la guerre en Ukraine, affaiblissant l’impact des sanctions qu’elle a imposé à la Russie. Un tiers de l’approvisionnement de l’UE en gaz provient de la Russie
Comment donc l’#unioneuropéenne et les Etats Unis d’Amérique vont pouvoir accommoder leurs propres économies régionales et nationales et l’Économie Mondiale?
Comment l’#unioneuropéenne va-t-elle négocier une sortie honorable doublée d’une construction de moyens et de solutions favorisant son indépendance de l’énergie Russe?
La question que l’on peut se demander dans ce contexte de conflit est comment la #commissioneuropéenne va-t-elle s’y prendre afin de sauvegarder ses assises d’indépendance et quel sera le prix à payer afin de dissocier l’intérêt du profit des grandes conglomerates tout en gardant intact l’intérêt de l’Union Européenne?
🌍 Le projet du Gazoduc Nigeria – Europe peut paradoxalement prendre avantage de ce retournement géo-stratégique internationale
Nigeria/Maroc : Worley fournira des services FEED pour un gazoduc en Afrique de l’Ouest – 26 avril 2022
Le Maroc, le Fonds de l’OPEP pour le développement international et la Banque Islamique de développement ont procédé à la signature de la documentation juridique pour financer une partie de la deuxième phase des études d’avant-projet attribuée a la compagnie australienne Worley :
Russia locked the emergency exit door to Ukraine grain deal
Russia announced Monday July 17, 2023 that it has “suspended” its participation in a deal allowing Ukraine to export grain by sea until the country’s conditions are met. The deal enabled Ukraine to supply world markets with over 32 million tonnes of food products. It will now need to find alternative routes for its exports otherwise it could send global food prices to higher level of pricing, especially for the underdeveloped economies which relied heavily on imports of Ukrainian grain and the consumers of bread and related food products. When the deal was signed and grain shipments restarted, world food prices declined by roughly 20%, according to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization.
“Russia exports nearly three times more wheat than Ukraine.” Ukraine is one of the world’s largest exporters of sunflower, maize, wheat and barley. Wheat, corn and soybean prices all rose after Russia’s announcement, though wheat prices are still well below their peak last May 2023.
Russia is the world’s second largest oil exporter and that almost half of its oil exports are seaborne via the Black Sea.
The UN warned last year that parts of the Middle East and Africa could fall into famine if they couldn’t get exports from Ukraine, which is sometimes called “the breadbasket of the world.” The Kremlin denied that the pause on the deal — which was set to expire Monday — was in response to an attack earlier in the day on a bridge linking Russia to occupied Crimea.
The move was immediately slammed internationally, with the U.S. ambassador to the UN calling it an “act of cruelty.” While sending cluster bombs to Ukraine was described as necessary to save Ukraine from the Russian artillery.
The White House and the Pentagon on Friday July 14, 2023 defended the Biden administration’s decision to provide Ukraine with controversial cluster munitions as part of a newly announced $800 million military aid package. National security adviser Jake Sullivan told reporters at a White House briefing that the U.S. Government will send cluster munitions, the 155mm artillery shells with dud rates no higher than 2.35%, which he contrasted with U.S. assessments that Russia’s cluster munitions have dud rates between 30% and 40%.
“We deferred the decision for as long as we could,” said Sullivan. “But there is also a massive risk of civilian harm if Russian troops and tanks roll over Ukrainian positions and take more Ukrainian territory and subjugate more Ukrainian civilians because Ukraine does not have enough artillery. That is intolerable to us.”
Denunciations and Tears of Crocodiles
Now that Russia has taken action to suspend the grain deal, in western societies we start hearing, reading and getting denunciations and see on screen Tears of Crocodiles coming out and expressing sorrow about the impact of the Russian decision on the poor countries of Africa, Middle East and Asia.
These suddenly spiritually found souls and minds of altruism and sensitivity about the poors and the hunger around the world are the neighbors of the same ones who take food from all over the underdeveloped world in many forms, means and ways without having any scrupules to damp many of it instead of giving it even to their own homeless and this just to keep the profit up and the sales climbing and even when some of them distribute the expired food, it is only for tax rebate and tax credit not for humanitarian reasons.
Russia’s ambassador to the U.N Vassily Nebenzia said “the memorandum is simply not working,” and the U.N. has to recognize it has “no leverage to exempt Russian agricultural export operations from Western sanctions” and its efforts have not produced results. He also claimed that the Ukraine grain export deal had been transformed from a humanitarian initiative to help developing countries facing escalating food prices to a commercial operation benefiting the world’s four leading Western agro-business corporations.
“If Brussels, Washington and London are genuinely interested to continue the export of food from Ukraine through the maritime humanitarian corridor, then they have two months to exempt from their sanctions the entire chain of operations which accompany the Russian agricultural sector,” the Russian envoy said.
“Otherwise, we fail to understand how the package concept of the secretary-general of the United Nations will work through these simple agreements,” he said.
47% have gone to “high-income countries” including Spain, Italy and the Netherlands
26% have gone to “upper-middle income countries” such as Turkey and China
27% have gone to “low and lower-middle income countries” such as Egypt, Kenya and Sudan
Russia says that Ukraine’s failure to export more grain to poorer countries is one of the reasons it pulled out of the deal.
In 2022, more than half of the grain bought by the UN’s World Food Programme came from Ukraine.
Study on Ukraine Importance in Global Food Supply
Our 2022 study “Ukraine’s Role in Global Food Supply: Individual Countries’ Vulnerabilities” is sadly topical again today with #Russia pulling out of the Black Sea #grain deal.
#Ukraine is one of the most important players in global #food supply! Since its independence in 1991, it has continuously increased crop yields of agricultural products and expanded global exports. The consequences of #Russia‘s war of aggression are now hitting not only the Ukrainian agricultural sector and economy. With reference to six key products, we show which importing countries are most affected with Russia blocking Ukrainian ports. Of 141 countries examined, more than a third are vulnerable!
Wheat futures jump 3.5% as Ukraine grain deal collapses w/Russia refuses to extend it. The move jeopardizes a key trade route from Ukraine, one of the world’s top grain and vegetable oil shippers, just as its next harvest kicks off. Source: Bloomberg, HolgerZ
Under the initiative, U.N. Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Martin Griffiths said, close to 25 million metric tons of foodstuff have been exported since last August, and the U.N. World Food Program has been able to transport more than half a million metric tons of wheat to support humanitarian operations in Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia and Yemen.
Griffiths also said it’s vital for the U.N.-Russia memorandum to be fully implemented.
There has been “meaningful progress, but impediments remain, notably with regard to payment systems,” he said, stressing that U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres and trade chief Rebeca Grynspan “are sparing no effort to facilitate its full implementation.”
But Russia’s ambassador to the U.N Vassily Nebenzia said “the memorandum is simply not working,” and the U.N. has to recognize it has “no leverage to exempt Russian agricultural export operations from Western sanctions” and its efforts have not produced results.
Atlantic Council 96,034 followers #UkraineAlert – While NATO poses no plausible security threat to Russia, it does create major obstacles for Russian imperialism, writes Peter Dickinson ?????…
New World Economic Individualization End of Globalization by the Acceptation of State Subsidization National Security, Supply-Chain Resiliency and Technology Leadership. Emergence of World Economic Individualization, …
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Oakland California – USA 15 Janvier 2021 Work and Research by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui on Latin America L’Accord de libre-échange nord-américain…
By Austin Dean published originally at this link of the Ohio State University, Stanton Foundation Editor’s Note Many Americans, apparently, are really angry at China right…
by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – cherkaouijournal@gmail.com Updated 5/26/2023 Dear Readers and Friends It is our pleasure to share with you this Dossier – Analytical Study…
Liberalism for National Capitalism and Protectionism for International Trade Originally posted October 25, 2018, 9:00 am “Laissez faire!”, said the champions of liberalism in the…
JUNE 17, 2023, 7:00 AM
Editors’ Note: The following is adapted from a TED Talk. Another version of this speech appears on the website GZERO Media.
Who runs the world?
This used to be an easy question to answer. If you’re over 45, you grew up in a world dominated by two superpowers. The United States and its allies set the rules on one side of the Berlin Wall, while the Soviet Union called the shots on the other. Nearly every other country had to align its political, economic, and security systems with one side or the other. That was a bipolar world.
Then, in 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, leaving the United States as the world’s sole superpower. The U.S. dictated outcomes both through its dominant role in international organizations and by exerting raw power. That was a unipolar world.
About 15 years ago, the world changed again—and it got more complicated. The United States became less interested in being the world’s police officer, the architect of global trade, and even the cheerleader of global values. Other countries, getting more powerful, were increasingly able to ignore rules they didn’t like and, occasionally, set some themselves.
That’s a “G-Zero” world: a nonpolar world without global leaders.
Three things happened to cause this geopolitical recession, when the global architecture no longer lines up with the underlying balance of power.
First, Russia wasn’t brought into the Western-led international order. Now a former great power in serious decline, Russia has become extremely angry and sees the West as its primary adversary on the global stage. Whether most of the blame for this lies with the United States and its allies or with Russia, the fact is that is where we are.
Second, China was brought into U.S.-led institutions—but on the presumption that as the Chinese became more integrated, wealthy, and powerful, they would also become more American (i.e., a free-market democracy willing to become a responsible stakeholder in the U.S.-led order and play by the rules without wanting to change them). As it turns out, they’re still Chinese—and the United States is not ready to accept that.
And third, the United States and its allies ignored the tens of millions of their own citizens who felt left behind by globalization. Their grievances were further fueled by growing income and wage inequality, shifting demographics and identity politics, and polarization from new media technologies. After decades of benign neglect, most of these citizens have grown fundamentally mistrustful of their governments and of democracy itself, in turn making their leaders less able or willing to lead.
All the geopolitical crises you see in the headlines every day? The war in Ukraine, confrontation over Taiwan, nuclear tensions with Iran and North Korea, you name it—some 90 percent of them are directly or indirectly because of the geopolitical recession caused by these three issues. In other words, the crises are not about individual leaders. They are a structural feature of our geopolitical landscape.
Yet for better or worse, geopolitical recessions don’t last forever. And the coming global order is something very, very different from what we’ve become used to.
Bliken Blink of the Eye Review of China – US Relationship
US Secretary Blinken has sought to clarify two strategic miscalculations with China during his past two days of China visit.
One, the US seeks to de-risk and diversify, not decouple, from China. China has held the belief that the US seeks to contain, encircle, and suppress China’s development. De-risk from China, while maintaining a broad-based economic relationship with China, sends a positive signal to the European and Asian allies to continue cultivating business interests with China.
Two, the US does not seek to unilaterally change the status quo on Taiwan. The US does not support “Taiwan independence.” This addresses China’s core of core interests. The basic positions expressed will likely appease the military tension lately seen around the Taiwan Strait.
The relationship between the United States and China is not about these questions, it is about how to maintain a balance of power with share inputs and decision processes that can concern and be of a high level of consideration at the level of national interest, geo-strategic policies and global financial and economic endeavors for not just the United States and China but also for the rest of the world and in the first place the emerging national economies.
“We’ve made historic investments in our infrastructure, technology, industrial capacity, and competitiveness. We’ve deepened our engagement and alignment with allies and partners around the world in ways that would have been unimaginable a few years ago.
That’s the backdrop for the relationship between the United States and the People’s Republic of China – one of the most consequential in the world. Both the United States and China should manage this relationship responsibly. Doing so serves the best interests of the United States, of China, indeed, of the world.”
Source: Secretary of State Antony J. Bliken’s Press Availability – BEIJING AMERICAN CENTER, BEIJING, PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, JUNE 19, 2023
The other related factor is the building of channels of communication that are also connected to the respective allies of the United States and China and make them participants also in the definition of new regional policies that is providing safeguards against any spilling or excess in the reactions of these allies against each other regional interests.
“To shape that future, we start with diplomacy – including with China. I came to Beijing to strengthen high-level challenges of communication, to make clear our positions and intentions in areas of disagreement, and to explore areas where we might work together when our interests align on shared transnational challenges. And we did all of that.
Here in Beijing, I had an important conversation with President Xi Jinping. And I had candid, substantive, and constructive discussions with my counterparts Director Wang Yi and State Councilor Qin Gang. I appreciate the hospitality extended by our hosts.
In every meeting, I stressed that direct engagement and sustained communication at senior levels is the best way to responsibly manage our differences and ensure that competition does not veer into conflict. And I heard the same from my Chinese counterparts. We both agree on the need to stabilize our relationship.
During those meetings, we had a robust conversation about regional and global challenges. That includes Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. I reiterated that we would welcome China playing a constructive role along with other nations to work toward a just peace, based on the principles of the United Nations Charter. We also spoke about North Korea’s increasingly reckless actions and rhetoric. All members of the international community have an interest in encouraging the DPRK to act responsibly, stop launching missiles, and start engaging in its nuclear program. And China is in a unique position to press Pyongyang to engage in dialogue and to end its dangerous behavior.” Source: https://www.state.gov/secretary-of-state-antony-j-blinkens-press-availability/
In other words, maintain a balanced and structured relationship among those who are forming the sphere of influence and investment equally for the United States and China. This will avoid having underneath reasons for regional tensions and localized areas of misconduct and mis-conceptualized assumptions of rivalry and antagonism that can lead to indirect conflict and escalation.
This visit of Blinken is a prelude to the next meeting between Biden and Xi to clarify the role of China as a new peacemaker in Eastern Europe, Africa, and the Middle East and how to ease and transit to such recognition and collaboration of the United States in such new role of China in regional and global affairs.
On 1 June 1998, the European Central Bank was established to prepare for the launch of the euro – the world’s largest ever currency changeover. As a lawyer at the time, I remember how frantically we were revising contracts based on foreign exchange rates that would soon disappear. Could the common currency really work? Today, as we celebrate the 25th anniversary of this institution, we know that it works and that the euro has brought Europe closer together.
Sunny Day in the Empire of Shining Sun with Shining Flowers When you come to Niigata Bring Flowers in your Hands When you come to San Francisco Wear Flowers over your Hea WE BUILD THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR PEACE WE MAINTAIN NATO FOR WAR PEACE TIME IS OVER AGAIN WHERE IS THE EQUATION OF LEARNING … Continue reading
European Commission – European Commission David Fike – President of Golden Gate University, San Francisco, California. Dr. Cherkaoui 30th Anniversary on Teaching the First Course on EEC in the Entire History of Golden Gate University Celebrating 30 years of my research and my course at Golden Gate University as we mark the 30th anniversary of … Continue reading Dr. Cherkaoui 30th Anniversary on Teaching European Economic Community at Golden Gate University – Mar 17, 2023 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui
Entrusted by European Union governments to safeguard the euro, our staff in Frankfurt, together with colleagues in the 20 national central banks of the currency union, work tirelessly to achieve our mandate of maintaining price stability. That work is critical for the prosperity of European citizens.
Over the past 25 years, we have welcomed nine new countries to the euro area, bringing us from 11 to 20. And we have taken on new roles, including the supervision of European banks. Today the euro is the second most important currency in the international monetary system, after the US dollar.
There have been some tough times along the way. But through the economic highs and lows steered by my predecessors Wim Duisenberg, Jean-Claude Trichet and Mario Draghi, the ECB has always focused on building a stronger foundation for Europe’s future through delivering on our mandate.
The pandemic and Russia’s unjustified war against Ukraine have shown that stability cannot be taken for granted. And growing geopolitical rivalries may mean that the global economy becomes increasingly volatile in future. In a world of uncertainty, the ECB has been, and will continue to be, a reliable anchor of stability.
We have shown that we can act and adapt quickly in the face of even the most serious challenges. Only a few months after I became President of the ECB, we responded swiftly to the pandemic with an array of measures to support the euro area economy through its most acute phase, avoiding deflationary risks.
Today, we are acting with the same determination to bring inflation down. After years of being too low, inflation is now too high and is set to remain so for too long. That erodes the value of money, reducing purchasing power and hurting people and businesses across the euro area – especially the most vulnerable members of our society.
But we will bring inflation back to our target of 2% over the medium term. That is why we have raised interest rates at a record pace, and why we will bring them to sufficiently restrictive levels – and keep them at those levels for as long as necessary – to return inflation to our target in a timely manner.
As recent events in the banking sector remind us, the task of monetary policy is aided by a robust banking system. Financial stability is a precondition for price stability, and vice versa. Since 2014, when we took over banking supervision, we have worked to keep banks in the euro area sound. And banking supervisors chaired by Andrea Enria will continue our efforts to make sure that banks are well-capitalised and resilient to changing conditions, so that they can keep lending to businesses and households.
Our monetary union has been tested many times in the past quarter century. We have been confronted with crises that could have torn us apart – not least the great financial crisis, the sovereign debt crisis, the pandemic. But on each occasion, we have emerged stronger. We now need to build on that inner strength.
As the world becomes more unpredictable, Europe can foster resilience on two fronts. By integrating its capital markets, Europe can better facilitate investment in the green and digital sectors that are so crucial to powering its future growth. And by completing the banking union, we can ensure that the banking sector helps to dampen risks during future crises rather than amplifying them.
The former President of the European Parliament Simone Veil once said that “we need a Europe capable of solidarity, of independence and of cooperation”. This captures well what the euro represents. Ultimately, the euro is more than a currency. It is the strongest form of European integration and stands for a united Europe that works together, protecting and benefiting all its citizens.
And the ECB will always be a cornerstone of that effort.
This blog was published as an opinion piece in newspapers of all 20 euro area countriesReport this
The euro has brought Europe closer together. In this article, I look back on 25 years of the European Central Bank, euro unity and our commitment to price stability. We will keep working to strengthen the foundations for Europe’s future by delivering on our mandate.
European Central Bank Challenged by Eurozone, Euro, Inflation and Recession
Christine Lagarde President of the European Central Bank 53 articles Following May 23, 2023 On 1 June 1998, the European Central Bank was established to prepare for the launch of the euro – the world’s largest ever currency changeover. As a lawyer at the time, I remember how frantically we were revising contracts based on foreign … Continue reading
Mar 20, 2023 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Dear Readers and Friends: It is our pleasure to share with you this Dossier – Analytical Study addressing the present challenge of the financial system and the banking sector which we have titled: “Redefining Banking Globalization” Which we present it to you in the form and content as: “Dossier – Analytical Study on Cranked Globalization, Tossed Financial Capitalism, Derailed Banking System“. Your comments and suggestions are always welcomed. Please feel free to share our publications with your colleagues, acquaintances and family members including your neighbors. Thank you for your support. … Continue reading
La prééminence des banques britanniques telles que Barings et Rothschild Maison de courtage et des banquiers qui retracent leurs profits dans le commerce des armes contingent du commerce mercantiliste du colonialisme ibérique en Amérique latine. Le changement de l’épicentre du commerce mondial avait provoqué des pertes fonctionnelles continuelles à ces systèmes bancaires et monétaires identifiés dans la prétention de domination et de conquête impériale. Ces changements ont été promulgués d’abord par les courtisanes de la Couronne britannique de Grande-Bretagne qui ont promu l’École classique de pensées économiques qui ont abordé la valeur et l’argent avec Adam Smith et David Ricardo qui ont suscité la réponse de Karl Marx, … Lire la suite
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Global Public Relations Manager at Tate Yoko Research Institute – TRIGlobal Public Relations Manager at Tate Yoko Research Institute – TRI One of the results of Operation Kamikaze taken by the European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde who following consultative meeting with the International Monetary Fund’s President, she insisted that … Continue reading
“Monetary policy is to orient economic activity by regularizing the money supply “ Monetarism, Liberalism and Globalization: US Reactions and Coronavirus Clashes The Aftermath of Coronavirus? Is this a Mathematical Formula or New Readings of Economic State Intervention? Where is the Invisible Hand of the Market? A second lecture more sincere of the works of … Continue reading
Europe is discovering that they did not conduct an adequate SWOT Analysis within their own borders and forget that what is called Eastern Europe or Europe of East is not completely European sphere of influence but Slavic and Middle Asian cultural territory connected through many centuries of similarities and communalities that start where the Roman and Greek Civilizations have started and perished.
The European Union cannot be built on distortions and wars as the Common Market, the European Community have justified its existence and perennity as a shield against the repetition of past inter-Europeans wars. The past wars in the Slavic regions of former Yugoslavia, Albania and other Balkans countries with the intervention of the U.S. army have demonstrated the fragility of such belief that construction of an integrated market can neutralize wars.
Lessons should be learned from such a recent past that wars conducted in other countries for the sole purpose to control their primary resources and their underground wealth can act also as stimulants for other countries to arm themselves and be ready to defend their borders and the sovereignty of their regimes with all the means existing.
Africa and China: Targets of European Imperialism and Colonial Expansion
Exotic African Moroccan in the Eyes of Colonial Ethnocentrism
To respond to this kind of approach and explanation, I decided to draw an overview of the colonial policies and strategies of the European countries that were applied in Africa, which you can read in the following short presentation.
Real Roots of Under-Development of Africa
International competition and mutations were the center of power in parallel to the shift of the main maritime roads of commerce. France became more isolated and restricted within the limits of its own regional decadence. Africa became the prey of decaying France that could not challenge the prominence of the British War Navy. France witnessed a backlash with the combination of the following internal disturbances and instabilities such as the direct consequences of the French Revolution, the double defeat and dismissal of the Napoleonic State, and the Rise of the Communism and Socialism as voice of distressed popular French masses. Within these radical changes and impacts, the French Elites, la Grande Bourgeoisie, reinstated the notion of Empire by bringing back in power the Orleanist against the legitimists “the Bourbon” by advocating the intronisation of Louis-Philippe as “King of France”, the Vagabond who became King with social tones while advocating and allowing the invasion of Algeria as royal gesture to stimulate a social cohesion around him with nationalistic and religious slogans and propaganda and that was in 1830. France had opened a pandora box by intruding its internal social problems within a colonial policy seeking even the toppling of local authorities and regimes and to replace them with local puppets and collaborators such it became the case in Tunisia and later on in Morocco in 1912.
Between 1830 and 1912, the destiny of Africa was decided in intrigues, complots, covert actions and also sealed in treacheries. Soldiers from African colonies were used to subdue and implement a policy of “terre brulee – burned lands” and starvation to impose the colonial will of the Parisian Elites. These infanticide and proxy-wars genre have left deep stigmates in origin imported and later on embedded on the memories and the personalities of Africa like they have all exaggerated the local and regional misunderstanding, exacerbated the ethnical differences and increased the convoitise and exploitation of Africa by the West with the benediction of local allies and collaborators. This move by the newly emerged French Colonial Bourgeoisie was effectively an emulated strategy of what Great Britain was conducting in other places of this world as forced integration in the system of international credit and international transactions under the directives of London as the new world financial center.
These new international banking transactions and policies were based on the British principle that nations can receive all the External Debt or the Foreign Direct Investment that will be writing and denominated in paper while their payments of the related interests and principals should be versed to London Financiers only in Gold. henceforth, countries were unable to pay any of this external debt spiral that was increased given the higher price they had to pay in gold to buy manufactured products and the low payment and evaluation they receive in paper for the sale of their raw materials and primary products.
China Facing the Western Expansionist Interests
China reacted with opposition to the West’s increasing pressure to open to trade. China had long maintained isolationist tendencies, with limited commerce with the West. China welcomed foreign trade, but western merchants had no privileges there and were confined to Canton, where they could only deal with the Co-hong, a group of traders (Edwardes, 1973).
This situation was not to be accepted by the Western nations for long, however, and by 1834 Lord Napier was sent by Britain to pressure the Chinese into allowing a more open trade. The Chinese government rejected his requests, and animosity arose between the two nations, with Chinese mobs surrounding the merchants’ quarter in Canton (Edwardes, 1973). Tensions eased temporarily, but the situation precipitated due to the British illicit trade in opium. In 1839, the new imperial commissioner Lin Tze-hsu arrived in Canton and confiscated 20,000 chests of opium from the British. Further disagreements, especially concerning the British’s refusal to hand over to Chinese authorities a sailor accused of killing a Chinese man, led to an armed naval confrontation in November 1839. This marked the beginning of the first of the Opium Wars, which would result in Chinese defeat and the establishment of a system of unequal treaties (Edwardes, 1973) (Martin, 1968) (Fairbank and Reischauer,1989).
Such manipulations of the financial market was one of the driving force to impose to China through the Opium War the opening of its internal market for the sole benefit of the European mercantile and imperialistic classes. The following years in Europe, irreversible institutional changes took place. In France, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte became the only President (1848–52) of the French Second Republic and, as Napoleon III, the Emperor (1852–70) of the Second French Empire.
Dubbed as French Empire, the colonial policy needed to legitimize such denomination and effectively Napoleon III doubled the area of the French overseas empire in Asia, the Pacific and Africa. On the other hand, his army’s intervention in Mexico, which aimed to create a Second Mexican Empire under French protection, with Maximilian and Carlotta ended in disastrous adventure.While this taking place, Africa was transformed from a reservoir for the Slave Transatlantic Trade to a land for the exploitation of the natural and human resources. This modification of approaches was also implemented with the harsh conditions of a colonial policy defended and praised by the Western Exploiters as bringing modernization and civilization to retarded indigenous and primitive people of tiers counties and countries. France jumped on the back of the British Wagon and given its unpreparedness and the opportunistic drive toward such sudden pretentious conversion, Germany and other European Countries felt that their shares were not adequate to their real size of importance on the global scale and within this new imperialist exchequer negotiated within their presence. This inter-rivalry among nascent and existing imperialistic designs, despite all the Conferences held from Berlin to Algesiras was one of the major reason in the advent of the First World War.
This international conflagration had imposed to France to really grab and stick its nails and teethes on Africa given the new powerful challenges France faced even from its own temporary and conjectural ally the other expansionists such as the Great Britain international Financiers. Similarly, African Continent such as Morocco, were in the best case presented as exotic, natural, virgin and unexploited lands for the purpose to attract colonists. While Sub Saharan Africa become the land of conversion and the space for those who believed in transferring through Christianity the light of knowledge, civilization and progress. This is how Imperial Europe considered Africa and promising its people that by adapting Christian liturgy approaches they will be extracted from their lethargic state, they will be rewarded and will acquire characteristics common to more developed societies. Within the frame and the evolution of this ethnocentric and the related demeaning relationship which were categorized by many contemporaries authors and analysts as exploitative and being the reason of all the difficulties and problems that have became the hurdles and obstacles to a real development of not only Africa but the Entire “Third World” Countries.
Africa and Western Countries: War as Means of Control and Exploitation
The participation of European states in wars and conflicts in Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia have only exacerbated the erosion of peace making and the investment in means and ways to share the benefit of progress and well being. Countries with the most valuable resources become the social spaces of poverty, decadence, despair and authoritarianism doubled with a populist ideologies that carved its reason to exist in condemning the relations with countries who are considered as the pulpit and the causes of such despair and regress.
The impoverishment was even accentuated by the technocratic rulers who have been trimmed and bred by western schools of thoughts and visions rooted in the new liberalism drive. The ideal model of development became identified in the recommendations propelled by the terms of the conditionality imposed by the international banking and financing institutions driven by the World Bank and the International Monetary Funds and the European Central Bank as other regional affiliates or similar institutions.
Recipes of disaster are cooked for the social implosion, the overthrow of regimes and the spread of antagonistic movements that spread in the most already vulnerable countries.
Western Europe and their principal ally were then confronted by shrinking space of exploitation and expansion. The generation of separatists and leaders of independent movements of liberation were no longer there to play the role of the puppets and pseudo-leaders on the scene that had no more the same audience or the same script to play on it.
The Golden Key given to Saddam Hussein became the little tube held by the US Secretary of State Department as proof of the existence of chemical bombs in Iraq and the tent dressed in the yard of the French Presidential Palace, l’Elysee became the shroud for Kaddafi with the help of local agitators and compatriots who returned their coats. Such stratagem had not succeeded in Syria, Turkey, Afghanistan, Yemen and many other African countries.
Multipolarism became the shield against these attempts coming from the west as a hurricane to change the order and destroy all what stood in its passage.
The containment strategy is now changing the camp and it is no longer cultivated and launched from the hotbeds and the heartlands of the Western Metropolitan services of intelligence, it is coming now from the East with winds of change and resistance. Investments and participation in mining and natural resources extraction and transformation was conducted in parallel to setting new infrastructure projects and urban works of modernization.
These localisation of investments needed an increase of local and regional stability of the regimes in place that are considered as collateral for the loans and credits dispensed. These concerns imposed on the integration of another layer of garanties in form of fortresses for protection and prevention were laid down in many areas of vital importance, including the formation of the local armies and supply of weapons by the countries providers of such financial and strategic services.
Turkey, Russia, China, India and South Africa took the lead in developing new kinds of East – South to South relations presented as win-win cooperation and collaboration without advancing democratic or liberal ideological pretensions or exigences for their direct participation.
Such flexibility in conducting business operations and negotiating geopolitical presence and expansion favored the establishment of current regimes that accepted even direct military and body-guard protection and intelligence from Russia and China. Military bases became the next terrain of entente and mutual interests.
Africa New Theatre of the Rivalry between Europe, USA and China
Where are the European Countries in such a change of regional games?
European countries were and are still identified in the reasons of the backwardness of Africa and the Third World economies. From Slavery to Imperialism, African and Asian countries continue to look at Western based powers and authorities as the nest of military interventions and invasions.
References
Doctoral thesis CHERKAOUI Said El Mansour: ECONOMIE POLITIQUE DU SUBCAPITALISME EN AMERIQUE LATINE (1830-1930) : ARGENTINE – BRESIL – CHILI – PEROU. Réf ANRT : 13965Identifiant BU : 92PA030099 – 403 pages – Disponible au format microfiche
Craig, A. & Reischauer, E. (1978) ‘Japan’s Response to the West’ in Japan: Tradition and Transformation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Edwardes, M. (1973) ‘China and Japan’, in Johnson, D. (ed.) The World of Empires. London: Benn, pp. 289-333.
Hall, J. W. (1979) Japan from Prehistory to Modern Times. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company.
Hao, Y. & Wang, E. (1980) ‘Changing Chinese views of Western relations, 1840-95’, in Twitchett, D. and Fairbank, J. (eds.) The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 2. 1st edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lockwood, W. W. (1956) ‘Japan’s Response to the West: The Contrast with China’, World Politics,9(1), pp.37-54, JSTOR [Online]. Available at: http://www.jstor.org (Accessed: 27 Nov 2012).
Martin, C. (1968) The Boxer Rebellion. New York: Abelard-Schuman Limited.
Moulder, F. V. (1977) Japan, China, and the Modern World Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dr. Cherkaoui 30th Anniversary on Teaching the First Course on EEC in the Entire History of Golden Gate University
Celebrating 30 years of my research and my course at Golden Gate University as we mark the 30th anniversary of the Single Market, this cornerstone of European integration remains as relevant as ever as my contribution to the advance of knowledge on the European Economic Community in the Bay Area of San Francisco and beyond.
In 1991-1992, I published an extract of my research on EEC 1992 and the European Monetary System at the Golden Gate University‘s Magazine “Connection” et created for the first time in the History of this institution a course on EEC 1992. I have also conducted an interview with an European Commissaire visiting the Law School of Berkeley and had him come to the class to present to the students his perspective on the Construction of the Single European Market.
During the same course, we compared the preparation of NAFTA in North America with the rest of the Market Integration taking place in Europe.
Here are excerpts of my publications on these two parallel topics.
Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Early Two Disctinct Research and Publications on the European Economic Community and the North American Free Trade Agreement.
Dr. Cherkaoui had also Taught these topics as Two Graduate Courses at the School of Business, Golden Gate University in the year of 1992
Blue Europe is still Going, Going, Going and Energizing on the Road Again
European Central Bank Challenged by Eurozone, Euro, Inflation and Recession
Christine Lagarde President of the European Central Bank 53 articles Following May 23, 2023 On 1 June 1998, the European Central Bank was established to prepare for the launch of the euro – the world’s largest ever currency changeover. As a lawyer at the time, I remember how frantically we were revising contracts based on foreign … Continue reading
Mar 20, 2023 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Dear Readers and Friends: It is our pleasure to share with you this Dossier – Analytical Study addressing the present challenge of the financial system and the banking sector which we have titled: “Redefining Banking Globalization” Which we present it to you in the form and content as: “Dossier – Analytical Study on Cranked Globalization, Tossed Financial Capitalism, Derailed Banking System“. Your comments and suggestions are always welcomed. Please feel free to share our publications with your colleagues, acquaintances and family members including your neighbors. Thank you for your support. … Continue reading
La prééminence des banques britanniques telles que Barings et Rothschild Maison de courtage et des banquiers qui retracent leurs profits dans le commerce des armes contingent du commerce mercantiliste du colonialisme ibérique en Amérique latine. Le changement de l’épicentre du commerce mondial avait provoqué des pertes fonctionnelles continuelles à ces systèmes bancaires et monétaires identifiés dans la prétention de domination et de conquête impériale. Ces changements ont été promulgués d’abord par les courtisanes de la Couronne britannique de Grande-Bretagne qui ont promu l’École classique de pensées économiques qui ont abordé la valeur et l’argent avec Adam Smith et David Ricardo qui ont suscité la réponse de Karl Marx, … Lire la suite
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Global Public Relations Manager at Tate Yoko Research Institute – TRIGlobal Public Relations Manager at Tate Yoko Research Institute – TRI One of the results of Operation Kamikaze taken by the European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde who following consultative meeting with the International Monetary Fund’s President, she insisted that … Continue reading
“Monetary policy is to orient economic activity by regularizing the money supply “ Monetarism, Liberalism and Globalization: US Reactions and Coronavirus Clashes The Aftermath of Coronavirus? Is this a Mathematical Formula or New Readings of Economic State Intervention? Where is the Invisible Hand of the Market? A second lecture more sincere of the works of … Continue reading
Within such range of informal sector operations, you have also to consider that many financial institutions are offering banking services without being a Bank this is the case of the Post Office – Barid.
The presentation here remains instructive and indicative of a reality that needs to be approached from inside the country not from the perspective of these international financial institutions that have their own motives in their soi-disant finding and recommendations that remained twisted by self-interest and self-promotion in regards to the solutions and the services they provide as well as the credit line they open for country-members of their organization.
During the 1980s, the differences between non-Western countries and Third World countries became evident with regard to economic changes and progress at the level of the participation in the new industrial division of labor and the implementation of industrial strategy.
Since President Reagan, Free Trade and aggressive Liberal policies have flattened the national resistance and planted the seeds in the global playfield for the rise of oligopolies, monopoles and conglomerates in the most advanced economies. In parallel, the strategies of conditionality on the application of liberal policies and privatization defended by international financial institutions such as the World Bank, the IMF and The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development where shoved in the throat of “Third World Countries,” have contributed directly in increasing poverty and inequalities in developing economies.
In advanced countries instead of having regulations and protection of the economic market forces, the principle of price reduction and affordability of goods for consumers was then defended allowing the rise of monopoles favored by acquisitions, mergers and absorptions which created dominant companies that extended their power in the political and government decisions while reducing the competition and the income of the States which both impacted the level of distribution and the increase of inequalities and poverty among the popular and workforce masses as well as within the underdeveloped countries.
East and Southeast Asia continued to grow rapidly by maintaining close ties with the world economy framed by the needs of the western European and north American countries, facilitating the redeployment of products made in Western countries which in light of international integration they were thus competing within their own market by local, regional and international products.
“As a result, the world faced a difficult global economic situation as it entered the 1980s – a situation marked not only by high inflation and unemployment (internal imbalances) in developed countries, but also by large account deficits. Current balance of payments (external imbalance) in many developed and developing countries. In addition, lower demand in developed countries has resulted in lower commodity prices and worsening terms of trade for many developing countries that depend on commodity exports. Given the difficult economic situation, many countries, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean and Africa, have seen an increase in debt levels in an effort to maintain economic growth.
In part the abundant recycling of petrodollars by financial institutions in developed countries contributed to the increase of debt of Third World economies. The sharp rise in interest rates in the United States of America to combat inflation at the turn of the decade raised the cost of servicing debt and caused debt crises in many countries. ” Read more at …. Reflection on development policy in the 1970s and 1980s -25 August 2017
This concentration of trade and industrial relations made the developing countries to view the Bretton Woods institutions as exclusive clubs of the rich and as instruments for enforcing unjustified political conditionality. Multilateral economic institutions: the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have also been the subject of substantial ambivalence.
In such a context of international institutional pressure, the opening and liberalization of the economy were imposed as good policy and the Milky Way to demand global integration. Thus, liberalism allied to the internationalization of the division of labor and to a selective redistribution and localization of foreign investment was seen as the only path to success and progress. Therefore, the acceptance of the developed world and its financial institutions by third countries has become the example to adapt and follow.
Rehabilitation of Developing Countries was attempted through the Recommendations requested by International Financial Groups. Developing countries had pursued strategies that led to macroeconomic imbalances and strong state intervention. Middle-income Latin American countries suffered severe shocks and were forced to implement reforms to reverse the effects. While Africa has remained largely dependent on international largesse. Developing countries are still faced with correcting the effects of these handicaps and implementing stabilization policy and stimulus measures, balances of payments and basic reforms of the exchange rate regime, liberalization and privatization.
On the other hand, the economic slowdown in advanced industrial countries, accompanied by sharp fluctuations in import demand, contributed to the economic difficulties of the least developed countries (LDCs), particularly in the early 1980s and again in the early 90
Countries heavily dependent on commodity exports have been little affected, especially oil exports (Gulf War). Even diversified exporters have also suffered, such as the exporting countries of East and Southeast Asia.
In terms of the development of financial markets, the high interest rate that prevailed in the early 1980s sharply increased the debt service ratio, the external debt service and contributed to the debt crisis. The Reaganomics crossed the Southern border and landed the Mexican crisis of August 1982, (Nationalization of banks and more dollars changed, transition between Portillo and the administration of Madrid). A sharp contraction in lending occurred after the Mexican crisis. DelaMadrid followed a neo-liberal policy coping the Northern Neighbor the Reaganomics.
Mexico’s currency crisis was fundamentally a short-term “monetary management problem, declared Mahathir Mohamed of Malaysia. In addition, Mexico was crossing a border of political elimination such as the killing of Jose Francisco Ruiz Massieu a former governor who was serving as secretary-general of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI., was shot to death on a busy street in Mexico City on Sept. 28, 1994. The killing added to the bloody shocks of an election year that had already characterized by the regime’s inability to contain the violent antics of a handful of uprising by the Zapatista considered as “rag-tag bandits in Chiapas and the assassination of the first PRI presidential candidate, Luis Donaldo Colosio.
Work and Research by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui on Latin America L’Accord de libre-échange nord-américain (ALÉNA) – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Celebración de 25 años de interés en México Celebration of 25 years of Interest in Mexico – … Continue reading Said El Mansour Cherkaoui and Latin America
In fact, negative transfer for all of Latin America in 1983 and stayed that way in the 1990s. For Africa, the net transfer to private creditors turned negative in 1983, but dependence on commercial loans was less pronounced, offset by official flows. Short politics have become the means to address these structural problems.
To reverse current account deficits, which forced real exchange rate adjustments, the 1980s saw dramatic devaluation and changes in exchange rate regimes in developing countries. All regions except Europe experienced stagnation in exports during the global recession in the early 1980s and again in 1985-86. As a result, macroeconomic adjustment policies had become necessary, such as the implementation of measures aimed at reducing real public expenditure, increasing revenues, slowing wage growth and controlling the growth of the money supply, generally by bias or with the effect of increasing real interest rates.
The debt crisis of the 1980s led to severe recessions in almost every country in Africa and Latin America. The World Bank and the IMF in concert with other international financial institutions have made Africa to dance to their own disastrous melodies and tunes and therefore the IMF is one of the most controversial institutions who had aggravated the public policy and made African countries to accentuate social problems and financial deficits, Africa is still paying a high price for the conditionality policies imposed by the World Bank and the IMF.
Therefore, developing countries in difficulty have faced strong pressure to avoid defaults and implement fiscal consolidation, often imposed by conditions for obtaining financial support. This has exacerbated the cost and duration of the crisis. The emphasis has been on austerity and rapid budget review, and the high social and economic costs are often overlooked. Governments have come under pressure to cut social spending and invest in infrastructure as part of the adjustment process, which has had long-term effects. After 1987, export growth resumed and Asian exports were strong, reviving the Western Hemisphere, which recovered. In Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa, it took more than a decade for the economy to recover, and since then the 1980s have been called a lost decade of development.
Opening the Door for the Global Integration and Effects of the International Crisis
Among advanced industrial states, the agenda for deeper integration is ambitious, which includes the harmonization of standards with the coordination of macroeconomic policies. In fact, it is the Research and Development sector in advanced technological fields of high added value that the difference and the gaps widened even within the groups of developed countries in terms of the international competitiveness of their product and the level of their economic growth. At the same time, this international competitiveness had ramifications and repercussions on the developing countries thus conditioning an adjustment trajectory for their frenzied race to adjust their economies in accordance with the demands of the advanced industrial countries.
These demands had largely focused on the legislative framework for the treatment of foreign direct investment in developing and sub-capitalist countries. The improvement in the foreign investment climate was therefore generally linked to the broader regulatory changes needed to align national practices with those of advanced industrial countries. For this reason, the rules governing these investments are seen as a component of the deep integration program based on a structural adjustment of national policies around a negotiated standard.
The free flow of goods and capital (not labor) is fairly well accepted among advanced industrial states as well as compensatory mechanisms that mitigate the social costs associated with an open economy. In developing countries, by contrast, national coalitions favoring a more open stance in the world economy were generally not consolidated.
April 20, 2022Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Works on Africa Articles and Reports on Africa developed by Dr. … Read more
Regional Integration, Level for Global Competitiveness
Some have called the 1980s a lost decade for Latin America, if not for the rest of the developing world, both of which were characterized by economic problems and developments in political authoritarianism.
Decline in the availability of external commercial loans at the start of the decade
Strong pressure to adapt accordingly
Regression of political bodies and freedoms:
Broaden the definition of conditionality for multilateral and bilateral assistance
Growing bilateral pressure on US trade policy
Significant changes in expectations regarding the participation of developing countries in GATT
Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Integration
One of the consequences of the crisis is the incentive to attract foreign direct investment. In the 1970s, middle-income developing countries would depend on fairly easy access to external finance through European currency markets.
To attract foreign investment, we start to talk about regional integration and integration into international rules and standards.
In Latin America, the effects of this impact are liberalization and privatization and reforms of regulatory systems.
Great impact and influence of advanced industrial states and foreign investors on what government can do.
One way to make the reversal of these policies costly.
IMF with the support of the World Bank and the regional development bank, negotiation of programs and conditions for more loans: adjustment policies or what is called the Tight Belt Policy.
The World Bank and the IMF believe that structural adjustment such as trade opening and liberalization, regulatory regimes and other reforms can benefit least developed countries. The interference of international lending agencies and their diktat imposed on underdeveloped and less developed economies has helped to shape a status of subcapitalist condition and constitution for indebted countries and to integrate into the global circuit of international lending.
Social effects of adjustment policy in LDCs
During the 1980s, growing recognition of the reforms also became a springboard for the donor to feed the LDCs. The exam is part of the donation. Japanese aid is in line with the trend of “political dialogue” between donors and recipients.
At the geo-strategic level, the policies of “containment” and neutralization of currents of thought that could call into question the predominance of liberal strategies for conquering international markets had succeeded in thwarting all attempts to create and establish economic development alternatives based on the national model and a Third World vision. Thus, despite the advance and the creativity of several Masters in economic development, such as G. Destanne de Bernis, François Perroux, the Swede Myrdal, the Argentinian Prebisch and the Brazilian Celso Furtado and the Hungarian Tibor Mende, the liberalism continued to sail and survive all social reforms even by resorting to coups, boycott and cover-actions if not the outright elimination of the leaders of the non-aligned or liberation movements national economic. (The author Said El Mansour Cherkaoui had the privelege to conduct his doctoral research among teams led by Directors of Research and Professors such as G. Destanne de Bernis and Celso Furtado respectively at the Institut de Recherche Economique et Planification of Grenoble University and at the Institut des Hautes Etudes de l’Amerique Latine, Sorbonne University, Paris)
A work of undermining nationalist militants considered to be leftists was undertaken throughout a long period with the objective of “pure and simple purification” of individual resistance and mass movements of the questioning of political and economic foundations, social, cultural and even religious Liberalism Made in the West.
From the start of the debt crisis to the start the eighties Third World countries, and especially the most indebted countries in Africa and Latin America, posted a some cases severe deterioration of social conditions, a increasing level of absolute poverty, a partial collapse of social and physical infrastructure, increased crime and internal disturbances. The per capita income of indebted countries have fallen by a seventh since 1980 and that of sub-Saharan African countries by a quarter?
In Africa, the investment ratio, which gives an indication of future growth prospects, fell to level recorded in the mid-1960s and in some countries is no longer sufficient to maintain the capital of the economy Stock.
In the most indebted countries, real wages are now lower than in 1982 (38% less in Mexico and 21% less in Brazil) and unemployment has increased due to slowing economic growth. Public spending fell by 18% in indebted countries and public investments have been reduced by 35%, compromising growth prospects and to a deterioration of social indicators.
For example, most developing countries cut spending health care and education and reduces the quality of utilities in these areas. Per capita expenditure on education in Latin America is now lower than early eighties and the capital expenditure for educational institutions now represent only a fraction of What it was. The same goes for the health service, with the result that the drop in infant mortality in Third Countries of the world have slowed down and global mortality is again slightly up. Nutrition has also deteriorated again in many countries, particularly due to the agricultural producer prices.
Big money bomb of one hundred dollar bills with a hot wick. Shortly before the explosion. The concept of international financial currency crisis the World Bank and IMF and other international banks demanded payment of interest and debt service, which in many cases accounted for 25% and more of the value of total exports from indebted economies.
There is now a wider trend towards critical literature on the Third World to blame the adjustment programs prescribed by the IMF or the World Bank for these unfavorable developments, since they all require fairly severe cuts in budgetary expenditure and other measures to curb demand and guide less developed economies to exports, leading to a decline in real wages, a temporary increase in unemployment and the destruction of national production capacity. The implementation of the programs also takes place responsible for the rise of internal conflicts and repression in developing societies. On the other hand, we often read that democratization and adjustment are irreconcilable or that only authoritarian regimes are able to execute typical IMF programs.
A spiral of indebtedness ensued, the repercussions of which went beyond economic growth and the balance of external accounts, they resulted in the worsening of the living conditions of the already poorest social strata in developing countries. For this reason, donor countries have generally left issues of policy conditionality in the hands of international financial institutions. Source: Institut for AIIgemeine 0berseeforschung, Hamburg, West Germany, INTERECONOMICS, May / June 1990
Social inequalities, the wage bill and international trade
The World Bank and Social Inequalities
In a major speech to the National Press Club in Washington on October 10, 2007, Robert Zoellick formulated what he described as “six strategic themes in support of the goal of inclusive and sustainable globalization” that he described. proposed to guide the future work of the World Bank:
First, the World Bank Group faces the challenge of helping to overcome poverty and stimulate sustainable growth in the poorest countries, especially in Africa …
Second, we must address the particular problems of states emerging from conflict or seeking to avoid state collapse …
Third, the World Bank Group needs a more differentiated business model for middle-income countries …
Fourth, the World Bank Group will need to play a more active role in promoting regional and global public goods that transcend national borders and benefit many countries and citizens …
Fifth, one of the most notable challenges of our time is how to support those who seek to advance development and opportunities in the Arab world …
Finally, while the World Bank Group has some of the attributes of a finance and development enterprise, its vocation is much broader. It is a unique and special institution of knowledge and learning. It collects and provides valuable data. Yet it is not a university – rather it is a “brain trust” of applied experience that will help us address the other five policy themes.
“For decades, scholars of international security and politics have debated the emergence of a multipolar system. It is time to recognize the economic dimension of this concept. After witnessing the disappearance of the “second world” in 1989, during the fall of communism, we observed in 2009 the end of what was called the “third world”: we now live in a new multipolar world economy. which is evolving rapidly, ”Zoellick said during a speech at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars in Washington, recalling that some had called the former President of the United States a“ missed opportunity ”. “We cannot afford to have the same geopolitical rhetoric as before. “
“Poverty continues to be rife and must be tackled. Failed states still exist and must be taken into account. Global challenges are intensifying and must be met. However, we need to approach these issues from a different perspective, ”said Zoellick. “Outdated notions of developed countries and third worlds, donors and seekers, leaders and followers no longer correspond to reality. »Statement made on April 14, 2010 by the President of the World Bank Group Robert B. Zoellick.
Thus, developed and developing economies have experienced an increase in income inequalities within them since the 1980s. Trade has become more globalized over the same period. Many studies have sought to determine whether globalization has contributed to the intensification of inequalities. To do so, they sought to identify the various channels through which the development of international trade could influence wage dynamics [ [FMI, 2007;Pavcnik, 2011]. Lire plus dans: Le commerce international accroît-il les inégalités ?]
According to the most recent estimates, 10% of the world’s population lived on less than $ 1.90 per day in 2015, which represents 734 million people. This rate reached almost 36% in 1990, or 1.9 billion people.
But this trend is likely to be reversed in 2020, due to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and the fall in oil prices. Poor populations will bear the brunt of the consequences, including job cuts, declining remittances from migrant workers, price hikes and disorganization of education and health services, among others.
For the first time since 1998, poverty rates will start to rise again as the world economy slips into recession and the GDP per capita falls sharply. The current crisis threatens to erase all of the progress made over the past five years. Depending on a range of assumptions on the size of this economic shock, between 40 and 60 million additional people will fall into extreme poverty (less than $ 1.90 per day) in 2020 as a result of the pandemic , according to World Bank estimates. The global extreme poverty rate could increase by 0.3 to 0.7 percentage points, reaching around 9% in 2020.
In addition, the proportion of the population living on less than $ 3.20 per day could increase between 0.3 and 1.7 percentage points and reach a low range of 23%, or in absolute value between 40 and 150 million more people. Finally, the share of the world’s population living on less than $ 5.50 a day could grow within a range of 0.4 to 1.9 percentage points, reaching 42% or more, which would represent between 70 and 180 millions of inhabitants. It should be noted that these projections are extremely volatile and subject to large variations from country to country (a).
But this trend is expected to reverse in 2020, due to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and lower oil prices. Poor people will suffer the consequences, including job cuts, lower remittances from migrant workers, price hikes and the disruption of education and health services, among others.
The UNCTAD report pointed out that the key to success would be to tackle a series of pre-existing conditions that threatened the health of the global economy already before the pandemic. These include hyper-inequality, unsustainable debt levels, low investment, stagnating wages in developed countries and insufficient formal sector jobs in developing countries. . “The real concern is that inequalities were already there before COVID-19.
COVID-19 has reminded us that we did not address them after the global financial crisis. The promise was to address inequality, but most Western countries have failed to do so,” Kozul-Wright said. “We need to focus on full employment and wages in advanced economies. Developing countries need support to boost their industrial development […] We need appropriate employment and wage policies, but we will also need appropriate social policies,” he added.
The Case of Zambia in Southern Africa
In November 2020, Zambia made headlines when it became the first African country to default on its debt to foreign lenders during the global COVID-19 health crisis. While many African countries made significant progress in reducing their debt burdens in the 1990s and 2000s, in recent years countries such as Zambia, Kenya and Mozambique have steadily taken on more and more loans. to fund major infrastructure projects and public spending. In 2021, Zambia’s overall debt burden reached 123% of the country’s GDP according to the International Monetary Fund. Such a public debt burden poses a threat to long-term economic stability and impacts service delivery to citizens, especially in emergency contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as governments must spend larger percentages of their budget on debt repayment.
Changes of Presidents in Latin America and Africa are reactions to external pressure and the impact of sudden changes in allegiance and the orientation of the international situation, especially in the countries of the North, Western economies.
Peru, The Institutional Turmoil
Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard announced on Wednesday that the Pacific Alliance summit, scheduled for December 14 in Peru, has been suspended due to the vote of no confidence in its president Pedro Castillo.
“Given the latest events in Peru, it has been agreed to postpone the Pacific Alliance Summit which was to take place on December 14 in the city of Lima. I will keep you informed,” he said on his official Twitter profile.
Ebrard also pointed out in another message on the same social network that “Mexico regrets the latest events in Peru”. “He hopes for the respect of democracy and human rights for the good of this dear brother people,” he added.
The meeting of the leaders of the group, which is made up of Colombia, Chile, Mexico and Peru, was to be held from November 24 to 25 in Mexico, but was suspended because Castillo could not leave Peru as part of the investigation against him for corruption.
Mexico was to cede the presidency pro tempore it has held since 2018 and Costa Rica, Ecuador and Honduras were to join the group, founded in 2011.
Peru: President Castillo ousted after trying to dissolve Congress
Peru’s Congress voted to remove President Pedro Castillo from office this Wednesday, December 7, 2022, and replace him with Vice President, Dina Boluarte, shortly after Castillo attempted to dissolve the legislature ahead of a scheduled vote to impeach him. . The national ombudsman’s office called the coup a coup.
Castillo’s attempt to dissolve Congress.
Lawmakers then voted 101 to 6 with 10 abstentions to remove Castillo from office on grounds of “permanent moral incapacity.” Shortly before the vote, Castillo announced he was installing a new emergency government and called on the next round of lawmakers to draft a new constitution. He said in a televised address that he would rule by decree in the meantime, and ordered a nighttime curfew from Wednesday evening.
Castillo also announced that he would make changes to the leadership of the judiciary, the police and the constitutional court. The head of the Peruvian army then resigned, as well as four ministers, including those of foreign affairs and the economy.
Castillo took action as his opponents in Congress headed for a third attempt to impeach him.
The Office of the Ombudsman, an autonomous government institution, said in a statement ahead of the congressional vote that after years of democracy, Peru is in the midst of a constitutional collapse “that can only be described as a sudden blow.” ‘State”.
The office called on Castillo to resign and surrender to legal authorities.
“Mr. Castillo must remember that he was not only elected president of the republic, but also that the people elected representatives for public service,” the statement read. “Castillo’s actions ignore the will of the people and are invalid.”
The Congressional vote called for Vice President Dina Boluarte to assume the presidency. Boluarte via Twitter rejected Castillo’s actions, saying “this aggravates the political and institutional crisis that Peruvian society will have to overcome in strict compliance with the law.”
Liberal entrenchment of inflation and roots of recession by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui
December 25, 2022
THE NEW VERSION OF THE THEATER PLAY LES MISERABLES FACING INFLATION IN CALIFORNIA
They were waiting for the European storm to pass over the global economy and they held interest rates on hold until the Fed and Ms. Lagarde decided it was no longer possible to have and be in the position to wait and see or wait for Godot.
Unfortunately, the Fed’s first increase was a response to the financial obstruction of the UK economy but was met with OPEC’s decision to cut oil production, Russia’s decision to only accept rubble as a means of payment and the decision of the Chinese to make payment only with Yuan for all external transactions. The conglomeration of all these geo-economic actions made the dollar the first higher than the euro in the international market while it also increased its vulnerability to emerging markets as it impacted more than 60% debt-ridden countries that are on the verge of default with Zambia, Sri Lanka and Ghana at the forefront of full default.
The recession was no longer on the periphery of Western economies, it was spreading beyond the surge in inflation of energy, commodities and the accessibility of basic foodstuffs by many countries.
Also, Japan has always played the role of antechamber and echo chamber for the American economy since the Reaganomics and Economic School of the Chicago Boys.
The rest of the world is the hellish heat of inflation
An inflation that was stored like a volcano once the firm ground of all decisions made by financial and government agencies on the western side of history, pursued liberalism erupted in flames and lava covering the rest of the global economy and the price of energy produced combined with the disruptive nature of all diseases have smoothed the way to stagflation to take up residence in the best of the best financial and economic houses which is the value of manufactured goods, the value added to primary goods by the international division of technological and logistical labor and the continual decline in the value of commodities and primary goods from the south.
The subsequent division between the nations has the same line that divided the Bourgeois Townspeople and financiers and the peasant serfs sold with the land as part of the value of the land which depreciated considering the interest charged by the Bourg-bankers to land owners. far remained cloistered in what was called the Faux-Bourg, Faubourg on the outskirts of the Center, that is to say the Place du Marché of the City where monetary circulation is the main framework for commercial transactions while the Faubourg more is about barter as a method of exchange that adds more dependence to the Central Market of Merchant Boroughs, it is these classes that were the first investors in the next industrialization of the Bourg through first the craftsmen and the corporations before separating more from the skills and capacities of the personnel and becoming the own of the productive mechanisms which made them become the extension of the production massive mechanics. system that takes individual initiative or collaborative craft team.
Such separation and the resulting abuses to make it acceptable to this new class of workers who at this time period have only one thing but their Clog – Country Wooden Shoe – to stop this crushing of their appropriation of theirs. labor or the product they produce. They had to throw their wooden clogs – clog into the machine so they could take a break. A strategy that gave us the name Sabotage was the age of the reverse Sabot of the means and methods of production.
Diseases and the decrease in agricultural production added to the continual rural exodus have made the condition of the people who rely only on the strength of arms and hands to beg for bread:
TELL THEM NOT TO THROW AWAY THE CRUST OF THE CAKE SO THEY WON’T BE HUNGRY ANY MORE
– Sentence of Marie-Antoinette distorted over time.
A long time ago, the USA and the West where we began to specialize in the Daily Production of JEAN VALJEAN AND THE MISERABLES by our Great Victor Hugo, it was the time of the “Huguenots = Huge money but you got not” in the USA.
In the United States, in California, we are making a new food market robot and it is called:
new superhero named jean valjean resulting from inflation and especially the price of bread as it was at the time of the miserables
The Ciabatta Bread – Baguette – Batard named Bastar is priced between 5 dollars to 8 dollars, and guess what…
Basically, the price of 35 dozen eggs is over $100, which means one egg costs $2.8571.
We invoke Hashem God and Allah when we are in difficulty, I mean apart from trouble that despite having flour, water and salt and a hot oven, we cannot make dough and we lack of wheat, Ukraine the Granary of the liberal Western Empire and Africa, as North Africa used to be – called Mauretania the Granary of the Roman Empire.
The shortage of wheat has caused so many changes of government and empire and with Ukraine it is losing the transfer of wheat to the rest of the world and with this wheat it is impacting the flow of money and l use of the dollar for these products. So, well bro, we haven’t come out of the mill yet and we’re cooked before we grind the dough out of order despite all we’ve taken Hashem, God and Allah, and this time against our own wishes, getting into trouble to make bread, what a new pain to wish yourself to be engulfed in trouble and all this to supply and monetize it in wheat, in tomorrow’s money, today, while waiting for Godot and being in difficulty, we eat dry bread, French toast without eggs, and as they say,
Like you can’t be a baker or like the former French Prime Minister who got into trouble with all of France or like a baker who makes balls in a bread kneader, then you can always try to be a cook
Also, as they say: if you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen and let the Palos bake their own bread without dirtying or burning their ovens.
Hasta la Vista Hermano and Bon Appétit. It’s not just boiling but burning inflation
In Africa, we are stocking up on Aces and we are going to starve our people to serve and feed their Gargantuan Croissant Appétit which has no limits
WHERE IS BEEF FOR AFRICA?
African states feed the debtors and starve losing their own appetite waiting for supplies and suppliers if not cooks from outside who will bring for them the means and resources for their productive, operational and logistical infrastructure and in the upstream supply chain of raw and peripheral materials and packaging at all stages of the transfer and exchange of goods and intermediate products from source to distribution and direct and indirect sale of the final product. Africa remains hungry for the feeding from outside of its own frontiers while it has all the natural resources and primary goods to feed any industry not only in Africa but all around the world and that is why Africa is actually the hub and the magnet of these countries from the Americas, Europe and Asia are rushing and competing for a spot under the African Sun.
#UkraineAlert – While NATO poses no plausible security threat to Russia, it does create major obstacles for Russian imperialism, writes Peter Dickinson?????
Geostrategic and National Interests Facing Bullying Threats Russian Imperialism equates Ruble Diplomacy and Banana Gas Republics Prevention better than a cure of Russian Imperialistic Bullying Prevention by War is better than Bullying Peace in the Playground of International Politics School.
According to Peter Dickinson – Fantasy Island Analysis – Atlantic Council giving us the following introductory statement on their publication #UkraineAlert – While NATO poses no plausible security threat to Russia, it does create major obstacles for Russian imperialism, writes Peter Dickinson. “Put simply, NATO prevents Russia from bullying its neighbors.” A great lesson in International Affairs by the Atlantic Council on the NATO – The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
“NATO poses no plausible security threat to Russia”
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui’s Reply:
Prevention by War is better than Bullying Peace in the Playground of International Politics School.
Russia President considered the move of the NATO and European Union toward integrating Ukraine in their sphere of influence and members as the “Last Nail to Close the Cofin” on Russia while he is still alive not to mention the violations of the assurances given and the agreements signed concerning the advance of NATO towards the Russian border.
“The leaders of Russia and China are beyond shame. They will only respond to pressure. If you don’t understand that, you don’t understand the dynamic that America faces regarding Russia and China.” 11:14 AM Jun 16, 2021
Double Standard for President Macron and the French Diplomacy
President Macron keeps conducting “Diplomacy of the Girouette” concerning the Russia-Ukraine, the Morocco-Algerian misunderstanding and now the China-Taiwan imbroglio, all conducted with mastery that are dispersed pieces of puzzle shaped by his continual volte-faces.
The question is where did Mr. Macron found the wind to keep this Girouette turning East and West and reshaping the puzzle formed with opportunistic images without bringing any new wave of energies to solve the related problems.
The Answer my Friend is blowing the minds and it is in the wind, the new renewable energy for the French Diplomacy.
“Strategic Autonomy ” for Taiwan while condemning Morocco for reintegrating its own territory that was colonized by Spain with the support of France that was the colonizer of all North Africa and Central and Western Africa down to Cameroun.
Moroccan backed advisory council on Western Sahara (CORCAS) submitted a proposal to the United Nations during April 2006 that would grant autonomy to the people of Western Sahara. As per the plan, the Sahawaris would run their government under Moroccan sovereignty.
The law of the strongest and Darwinism are still in diplomatic use in this modern time which has international relations of the imperial and feudal order.
The International Economic Dynamics / Geopolitical Dynamics of today impose to the African, Asian and Latin American Nations the imperative to build their own regional integration as we say, “Together we rise, alone we Fall”.
Present Geopolitical Dynamics have validated this adage given: the ones who have the capacity to face outside challenges, conjunctural disruptive values and inconsistencies are the economies that are part of alliances and partnership with other countries.
This is less geopolitical dynamics, but a reversal of fortune for a Model of Development that the reason of its existence was to correct the consequences of colonialism by the setting of financial, trade and socio-political representative international organizations leading the regulation and the transfer of value from the newly independent economies toward the former metropolitan colonial nations and the United States.
This model became even contrary to the national interests of its own founders. One example is the current subsidies invested directly by the U.S. government in the semiconductor industry.
Biden-Putin Meeting on Neutral Ground: Geneva
Joe Biden had proposed at the start of the discussions to Vladimir Putin for more “predictable” relations between the United States and Russia, believing that “two great powers” had to manage their disagreements in a “rational” way, explained the American president, for his part. start of discussion.
The direct and indirect military interventions of Russia in the Middle East, Africa and Central Asia have left their mark on the national and international geopolitical definitions henceforth identified in Putin’s Russia. The other important aspect for Russia is NATO’s push towards the East and the integration of countries that were formerly satellites of the Soviet Union into the fold of this Western military body.
Russian President Putin had often raised this question of the encirclement of Russia by NATO and especially what Ukraine should be considered in terms of relations between the European Union and Russia, including the possible accession of the Ukraine to NATO. Such accessions remain for the Kremlin a direct threat to their regional and national geo-strategic interests given the geographical location of Ukraine, Crimea in relation to access to the Mediterranean and especially the fact that Russia shares with the Ukraine a common border of more than 2000 km.
Ukraine as a neighbor who according to Moscow should remain neutral.
“Did the West give assurances to Gorbachev that the Atlantic Alliance would not expand to the East?
This question has been agitating minds, both in the East and in the West, for twenty years. It has experienced a new revival of interest with the recent publication of a study, much requested and commented on, by the American historian, Mark Kramer, entitled The Myth of a promise of non-enlargement of NATO [1] [1]Mark Kramer, “The Myth of a No-nato-Enlargement Pledge to… .
As inferred from the title, the author seeks to demonstrate that the documents, which he describes as “declassified”, prove that there was no promise made to Gorbachev regarding future non-enlargement. NATO in the East and that the argument that there was such an engagement is therefore manifestly false.
2Mark Kramer’s argument leads us to question ourselves. Contrary to what he asserts, it is not a question on his part of a discovery of new documents nor of formerly secret sources which would put an end to the debate. What is particular in this debate on the – possible – promises made to Gorbachev is that the proponents as well as the opponents of the thesis of a promise of non-enlargement base themselves on precisely the same texts, published, and published exactly in the same form, in the numerous memoirs of the participants, in the collections of documents, and in the serious studies on the period concerned. At most, Kramer demonstrates that there are no sources – or at least he did not find any or he does not mention them – other than those previously known to support the claim. position of one side or the other.”
From this perspective, in contrast to Barack Obama who had called Russia a “regional power,” Biden said that as “two great powers” … “we are trying to figure out where we have common interests and where we can cooperate. And when they don’t, establish a predictable and rational way to handle our disagreements.
This consecration of President Putin confirms his status as a veteran of internationalized politics and diplomacy over the previous two decades. Indeed, the Russian president can put forward his long experience as a “survivor” in these maze since since the end of 1999, the year of his coming to power, he has already rubbed shoulders with four other American presidents, not to mention the other leaders of by the world, many of whom have since been sidelined.
However, such an “elevation of Russia” remains inappropriate for Republican Senator Lindsey Graham considering that the remarks of the American president Biden were “troubling”.
China will never open up their lab to international scientific examination until the world punishes China through concrete steps that make it so hard for China to avoid cooperating.
Political labeling in no way changes the ideological content of the product or the method used to maintain the advantage acquired in the field of merchants and customers (example of Pepsi in the USSR).
Business Politics remains the foundation of geo-strategic negotiation. The military file and the consolidation of regional positions around the poles and regions considered to be sensitive are the subject of controversy, agreements or sharing of control in order to regulate and manage and preserve the areas of influence already acquired while presenting themselves as the protector of the interests of the allied governments against any external threat.
The United States have often demonstrated their ability to negotiate and find ways to guarantee their income and profits, beyond geo-political or territorial or even ideological considerations. This strategic preeminence is financial, market, economic and institutional.
On the international financial level, despite its vacillation, the Dollar remains the currency of exchange and recognition in international transactions, including those hidden and illegal in the terms of exchange and transfer of value.
China is not invited either in the speech, or in the intentions, or in the declarations. China remains in the high seas of American globalism.
President Biden is also concerned by US intelligence assessments that Russian agents were behind serious cyberattacks on federal government servers, one of which was identified in 2020 as SolarWinds, the name of the company of cyber hacking. The second attack was orchestrated by DarkSide which disrupted the networks of a key fuel pipeline that serves 50% of the US East Coast supply. Darkside like others are experts who demand the payment of ransoms to put an end to their electronic intrusion into the networks of American multinationals.
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui High Technology and High Media Tension Joe Biden, the President of the United States called Vladimir Putin, the Russian President a “killer. He also said he would “pay the price” for a series of nefarious activities that Washington attributes to Moscow [Source] Subsequently, President Joe Biden called on Thursday to … Read more USA – Russia : Cyber Cold War
In terms of geopolitics, the goal of the Biden presidency remains the anchoring of Europe in the barrage position against Turkey and Iran, the allied coalition with Asian countries and the naval maneuvers carried out with Japan, all as a response to the regional turbulence of North Korea and as a Western shield against the rise of China, considered the most serious Eastern threat since the defeat and the rallying of Japan to the liberal Western bloc. The second paragraph would be the reduction of Russia’s engagement with the states considered by the authorities in Washington as “rogue-states” or non-representative of their constituents (Venezuela, Libya, Syria, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen).
Once these nations are “under the European Radar,” the United States takes on the mission of coaxing and attracting Russia, which is more apt to adopt the Western way of life while concentrating on blocking the Emergence in force of the New China globalized by Xi in the rest of the world.
BIDEN – PUT IN PUTIN AND EXIT XI
Posted on 01/25/2021 by Ouest France
Without ever naming the United States, Xi Jinping posed as a defender of multilateralism and globalization, as he had already faced the same forum four years ago, just before Donald Trump came to power. .
Less than a week after Joe Biden took over the White House, Beijing’s strongman appeared to warn Biden against a continuation of his predecessor’s China policy, which had made China its number one rival. one, especially on the commercial and technological levels.
Beijing fears Biden will ally with Europeans
The regime of China fears in particular that Joe Biden wants to reunite the Westerners in front of him.
“Building clans or starting a new cold war, rejecting, threatening or intimidating others, imposing decoupling, disrupting supply chains or sanctions in order to cause isolation will only drive the world into division and even confrontation ,” warned Xi Jinping. “And the confrontation will lead us to an impasse” .
Under Donald Trump, in addition to a trade war launched against China, bilateral frictional issues have accumulated: Taiwan, Hong Kong, treatment of Uighur Muslims, technological rivalry…
Struggling with a Covid-19 epidemic which exploded in the United States, the former American president also blamed China, where the virus was spotted at the end of 2019, of being responsible for the pandemic.
As if to end the mandate of Donald Trump and his isolationist slogan of “America first” , Xi Jinping hollowly castigated the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris agreements on the climate, from Iranian nuclear power, as well as from the Unesco or the World Health Organization (WHO).
“Practice shows once again that blaming others for problems, wanting to go it alone or being imbued with narcissistic arrogance is doomed to failure ,” said the Chinese president. “May the torch of multilateralism illuminate the path of humanity!” “ , he pleaded.
China for globalization
“The world will not return to where it was before” by President Xi Jinping
“When the interests of all mankind are at stake, it is China’s duty to act, but also to achieve its goals” President Xi Jinping
However, integration into the international market with President XI is viewed through a national prism and an integrated vision of China as the maker of its own technological ambitions and aims for international market expansion, including the formulation of its own choice of alliance and partnership on a national, regional or global level.
Globalization has been the vehicle for economic growth and China’s emergence as a manufacturing powerhouse at the turn of the last century.
A geo-economic power tends to become a geopolitical power. This is Xi Jinping’s medium-long term objective.
President Xi Jinping divided the history of the Chinese socialist revolution into three 30-year periods; the former to be dominated by “Mao Zedong Thought”, the latter to be dominated by “Deng Xiaoping Theory”, and the new period to be dominated by “Xi Jinping Thought” on “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era “.
This ambition of geo-strategic, political and technological realism is supported by the fact that China was the only major economy to generate a positive GDP in 2020. As a result, Xi Jinping launching the challenge of “no return of crank” to spur forward progress, he declared that “the world will not return to where it was before” . China is therefore turning the page of its own history and changing the reading of its globalization in the versions translated to the West on the Regional Multi-polarization of the New World today.
This projection also concerns the health condition of the world affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Faced with the many voices that had been raised in Western countries to ensure national autonomy, particularly in medical matters, Chinese President Xi Jinping specified that ” it is in no one’s interest to use the epidemic to return to globalization ” . While China has largely stemmed the Covid-19 on its territory, Xi Jinping estimated that the global pandemic ” is far from over “ .
On the climate, the Chinese president reiterated his commitment made in 2020: namely the reduction of polluting emissions in China before 2030, before achieving carbon neutrality 30 years later – that is to say to absorb as much as issuing them.
China’s President Xi Jinping Warns of ‘A New Cold War’
Currently, the war in Ukraine and the sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Commission have led to renewed interest in supplying European countries with alternative energy sources such as the Nigeria – Europe Gas Pipeline.
This “opportunistic” revival is currently kept in turmoil by the continuing stalemate in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict following the increase in unconditional support granted by the Western powers to Ukraine and by the consequent deterioration of the terms of trade of products energy. from Russia.
The natural gas imported into the European Union comes mainly from Russia (40%), Norway (24%) and Algeria (11%) and more than a quarter of European oil is supplied by Russia.
The Russian-Ukrainian war is brutally and violently disrupting global energy markets, adding to those already induced by climate change, while the European Union’s dependence on Russian natural gas shows that a diversification of energy supply is essential to establish energy security
Western European countries are more vulnerable to fluctuations in energy supply from Russia. This dependence is compounded by the fact that the outsourcing of European Union gas storage to Gazprom has further reinforced the European Union’s dependence on Russia for supply. This is all the more detrimental since the European Union satisfies around 10% of its demand for natural gas on the internal market, and all the rest is imported, which makes it the largest importer of natural gas in the world, according to the General Council Department of Energy.
The European Union badly needs Russia’s energy supply and first and foremost natural gas, so much so that it has been forced to circumvent its own high sanctions against Russia for importing these products.
The European Union has paid Russia more than 20 billion euros for gas imports alone since the start of the war in Ukraine, weakening the impact of the sanctions it has imposed on Russia. A third of the European Union’s gas supply comes from Russia.
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Evolution de la Relation Algérie – Maroc La situation entre le Maroc et l’Algérie continue de se dégrader. Après avoir annoncé, le 24 août 2021, la rupture des relations diplomatiques entre les deux pays, Alger a surenchéri mercredi 22 septembre 2021. Cette fois-ci, le gouvernement algérien a annoncé la fermeture immédiate de son espace aérien à tous les avions civils…Currently selected link settings Open in new tab
Evolution de la Relation Algérie – Maroc La situation entre le Maroc et l’Algérie continue de se dégrader. Après avoir annoncé, le 24 août 2021, la rupture des relations diplomatiques entre les deux pays, Alger a surenchéri mercredi 22 septembre 2021. Cette fois-ci, le gouvernement algérien a annoncé la fermeture immédiate de son espace aérien à tous les avions civils et militaires marocains et à tous ceux immatriculés dans le … Continue reading
The situation between Morocco and Algeria continues to deteriorate. After announcing, on August 24, 2021, the severance of diplomatic relations between the two countries , Algiers outbid on Wednesday September 22, 2021. This time, the Algerian government announced the immediate closure of its airspace to all civil aircraft and Moroccan soldiers and all those registered in the Cherifian…Continue Reading →
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